Behaviorists like Watson believe that an individual is primarily shaped by their environment. Watson built upon Pavlov’s discoveries and popularized behaviorism.īehaviorism is a school of thought in psychology that focuses on the observable behavior of humans and animals.īehaviorists view behavior through a stimulus-response lens and do not rely on hidden psychological processes in their analyses. While Pavlov was not a psychologist, his early research on classical conditioning made a huge impact on the psychology of learning. After a while, Pavlov and his team could simply ring the bell without any meat powder present, and the dogs would still salivate in anticipation of the meat powder. He started by ringing the bell when he gave meat powder to the dogs. Pavlov designed experiments in which he conditioned the dogs to salivate to a number of stimuli, including the ringing of a bell.
Like any good scientist, Pavlov decided to put his observations to a more formal test. Pavlov was fascinated by this observation, naming the salivation response to food “psychic secretions.” When they simply heard an experimenter approaching. What made Pavlov’s research exceptional is he discovered that the dogs began to salivate: (Note: When it comes to research, be sure to understand the difference between quantitative and qualitative research.) We all salivate when there is food in our mouths there is no learning needed because it just happens naturally. Some of his research involved implanting saliva-collecting tubes in dogs’ cheeks and measuring how much saliva the dogs produced when they ate various foods. Pavlov’s work as a physiologist focused on the digestive system. Operant ConditioningĤ Examples to Help You Understand Classical Conditioningĭoes the phrase “Pavlov’s dogs” ring a bell? Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, made a massive contribution to the psychology of learning through the accidental discovery of what we now call classical conditioning.Ĭlassical conditioning is unconscious learning through association.
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